Life cycle and identification of tuta absoluta tuta absoluta. Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick is a pest of solanaceae crops, particularly tomato lycopersicon esculentum miller and potato solanum tuberosum linnaeus in the world. It is on a2 list of the european and mediterranean plant protection organisation eppo. In ethiopia, night temperature is very low and day temperature is very high. South american tomato leafminer tuta absoluta north. Tuta absoluta meyrick is an invasive lepidopteran pest species native to south america that has undergone a massive range expansion since 2006 to encompass large portions of eurasia, africa, parts of central america, and the caribbean campos et al. The tomato borer, tuta absoluta meyrick lepidoptera. Laid on foliage or fruit usually singly, but also in groups of 25. Currently recommended lures are rubber septa loaded with 0. Due to its short life cycle and its hardiness, the tomato leaf miner is difficult to control and poses a significant threat to tomato producers. Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae with. Behavioral responses of tuta absoluta to a wild and. Jan 03, 2017 pupation may take place in the soil, on the leaf surface or within mines. Tuta absoluta reproduces rapidly, with a life cycle ranging from 2438 days.
Tuta absoluta has received a lot of attention in recent years. Biological and eradication parameters of the tomato leafminer. Impacts of tuta absoluta in kenya and zambia impacts of tuta absoluta were estimated for kenya and zambia during a household survey conducted in 2018. Wherever significant difference occurred, tukey s multiple comparison test was applied for mean separation.
Tuta absoluta meyrick is an invasive pest of tomato native to south america, where it is responsible for extensive damage. Adult tuta absoluta on a sticky trap, viewed from the side and showing the narrow brown speckled wings folded close around the body. Recently tuta absoluta considered to be a serious threat to tomato production in mediterranean region. First report of tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick. Insecticide resistance action committee best management. Final instar larvae reach a maximum length of 8 mm, and can also be pink in colour figure 3. Tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato plants in south america. Harmfulness and population dynamics of tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 in strumica region dusan spasov, dragica spasova, biljana atanasova abstract. Tuta absoluta is moving rapidly to the east to engulf all of the mediterranean countries.
According to barrientos etal, 1998 and nappo 2012, tuta absoluta life cycle comprises four development stages. Its primary host is tomato, although potato, aubergine, common bean, and various wild solanaceous plants are also suitable hosts. Tuta absoluta was originally described as phthorimaea absoluta meyrick 1917 from a single male which was collected in huancayo, peru. Tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato. Sangmi lee, hasbrouck insect collection, arizona state. Control of the tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick. It was first recorded in the uk in 2009 where it has been subjected to eradication policies. Surveillance protocol for the tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta, for nappo. The insects will mine the leaves and burrow into the fruits of tomato, potato, beans and aubergine making them unfit for consumption. Tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera. It first appeared in the mediterranean region in 2006. Leaf mines are wide, silvery, and gradually become brown and necrotic. Adult females lay eggs on host plants and a mature female can lay up to 260 eggs before completing its life cycle. Application of a biorational control strategy is the sustainable way to deal with tuta absoluta.
The objective of this research is to monitor the number of tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 population in the strumica region, over two harvests, spring and summer, in 2011. Tuta absoluta, the tomato leaf miner, is a small moth that is causing big problems to agriculture and horticulture across the globe. The study investigated the virulence of two subtropical epn species on t. One female may lay up to 260 eggs during her life, which are deposited on the aboveground parts of the plant. Under openfield conditions tuta absoluta is usually found up till m above sea level. Adult females lay eggs on host plants and a mature female can. Tuta absoluta is a species of moth in family gelechiidae known by the common names tomato leafminer, tomato pinworm and south american tomato moth.
Tomato leaf moth or tuta absoluta has a life cycle of 29 to 38 days depending on the temperature. Tuta absoluta meyrick, a major invasive pest of solanaceous plants, was recently detected in botswana. Tuta absoluta can destroy an entire tomato farm, whether in the open field or in a greenhouse, if effective control measures are not employed. Tuta absoluta, a south american pest of tomato now in the. The newly introduced pest from south america finding the shores of the mediterranean a perfect new home where it can breed between 1012 generations a year. Pdf south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick, 1971 lepidoptera. Recently tuta absoluta considered to be a serious threat to tomato production in kenya. Andermatt biocontrol successfully developed tutavir, a novel baculovirusbased insecticide for the specific control of the tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta. The total life cycle is completed within 3035 days. Tuta absoluta or tomato leaf miner is a devastating lepidopteran pest of tomato and other solanaceae crops, including. It has the potential of inflicting serious and lasting damage to strategic crops for many countries and communities. Pdf life cycle of south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta. Gelechiidae, commonly known as the south american tomato leafminer, is a native of south america and is a serious pest of tomato, solanum lycopersicum l. Tuta absoluta has a life cycle of about 3 weeks, and it feeds on solanum crops such as potato, pepper and eggplant, rendering it a serious economic risk to our.
Realtime pcr assay for rapid identification of tuta. It has a life cycle that starts as an egg, before developing into a caterpillar then caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. Clarke 1962 changed the genus to gnorimoschema busck. Guidelines for the control of tuta absoluta 2016 the south american tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta. Tuta absoluta can overwinter as eggs, pupae or adults depending on environmental conditions. In order to develop integrated management strategy against recently introduced invasive south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 in nepal, life cycle and few biological. Event partners tuta absoluta reproduces rapidly, with 1012 generations per year. Tuta absoluta was first officially reported in kenya in march 2014 at isiolo and has spread to all parts where tomato is grown. Evidence of rapid spread and establishment of tuta absoluta. Gelechiidae is an oligophagus insect pest of tomato and. In the laboratory trial of 2010, due to the low number of live larvae in the control, a one way. This presentation is about tuta absoluta, an invasive moth. Each female may lay up to 300 eggs and 1012 generations can be. Jul 17, 2018 tuta absoluta meyrick, a major invasive pest of solanaceous plants, was recently detected in botswana.
Life cycle of tuta absoluta tomato leaf mining moth youtube. May 15, 20 tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato plants in south america. Behavioral responses of tuta absoluta to a wild and cultivated tomato plants and characterization of the mediating. It also occurs on weeds of the solanaceae family solanum nigrum, datura spp. It rapidly spread into several european countries, becoming a key pest.
First recorded in 2016 it is now prevalent countrywide. The invasive tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta in south africa tuta absoluta has a life cycle of about 3 weeks, and it feeds on solanum crops such as potato, pepper and eggplant, rendering it a serious economic risk to our farmers. It can complete its life cycle in three weeks in the tropics urbanej a et al. Overwintering can occur at any stage in the life cycle of. It has spread to mediterranean and middle eastern countries, moving up into greenhouse areas of hungary and southern germany. Average length of the life cycle of tuta absoluta at different temperatures.
The bioecology of tuta absoluta tuta absoluta is a holometabolous insect with a high rate of reproduction gebremariam, 2015. Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae with insecticides on tomatoes 337 variance. Tuta absoluta larva showing the patterned prothoracic shield just behind the head. It is considered a devastating pest of tomato barrientos et al.
Control and management of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta. Tuta absoluta completes its life cycle in approximately 2938 days 28. Aveerage egg, larval and pupal periods was recorded 3, 8. Later, the pest was reported as gnorimoschema absoluta, scrobipalpula absoluta povolny, or scrobipalpuloides absoluta povolny, but was finally described under the genus tuta as t. Gelechiidae the old and new challenge ciclo xxiv anno accademico 20102011 scientific area code agr11. This specimen is deposited in the natural history museum, london, uk. Multivoltine twelve generations in a year average 260 eggs laid by a female larvae mine in the mesophyll of the leaf four larval instars pupates in the soil and sometimes in the leaves prefers tomato but can complete in other solanaceous plants. Life cycle of the tomato leaf miner recognize the problem the tomato leaf miner is a species of moth which causes widespread damage to tomato crops by mining plant tissues, particularly the leaves. Tuta absoluta small moth native to south america major pest of tomatoes and other solanaceous plants nightshades photo. Also known as the tomato leafminer, the pest is originally from south america, where it remains a problem. The mining occurs between the upper and lower epidermis layers.
Recommendations for mass trapping tuta absoluta lures. Some larvae may be present in the fruit and stems of the target crop. The tomato leaf miner moth was found in abuja, kano, funtua, lagos and port harcourt major tomato production regions of the country. Pdf life cycle of south american tomato leaf miner, tuta.
Tomato solanum esculentum is one of the vegetable crops grown by both smallholder and commercial farmers in the kingdom of eswatini. Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta,tomato pest, potato pest. The total life cycle is completed in an average of 24. Tuta absoluta larvae consume the mesophyll layer of the leaves, stems and fruits, which reduces. Alshabaab as it leaves unimaginable damage of the crop after infestations. Biological and eradication parameters of the tomato.
Abiotic and biotic factors, together with a suite of population demographic traits are likely key for species propensity and invasion success. The total live cycle is completed with in 3035 days. Click to download a pdf version of this publication. Tuta absoluta has high rate of reproduction and short life cycle making it very dominant in the infested tomato fields. Like many gelechiidae species, the larvae of this micromoth feed internally on various parts of their host plants and are therefore particularly difficult to manage. The crop pest, tuta absoluta, which can cause extreme damage in tomatoes, eggplants, aubergine, sweet peppers and potatoes, whilst also feeding on weeds from the solanaceae family was found in the kadawa irrigation valley, which is the major producing area.
Tuta absoluta is a micro lepidopteron moth with high reproductive potential. After its detection in the spanish tomatogrowing area at the end of 2006, it spread quickly to other european and northern african countries. Tuta absoluta tomato moth bioline agrosciencesbioline. These mines are formed by the larva small caterpillars. Evidence of rapid spread and establishment of tuta. Can complete up to 12 generations per year depending on temperature. Insecticide application for control of the pest is uneconomical for subsistence farming and beyond the earnings of majority of resourcepoor farmers in africa. Tomato growers are recording up to 100% crop loss, this pest is. Pdf life cycle of tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera. Gelechiidae, is considered to be one of the most devastating pests affecting tomato crops in south america, where crop losses range from 60 to 100%. Gelechiidae is an invasive insect pest of tomato and other solanaceous plants which is rapidly expanding its geographic range.
The pest prefers higher temperatures meaning the higher the temperature, the faster it will reproduce. We will definitely let the nation know if indeed the tuta absoluta has been detected in zimbabwe. The arrangement of the genus of this species has been changed three times. Timespan in days of tuta absoluta lifestages developing at the various. As many as 12 generations are possible in a year depending on environmental conditions.
Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae. The spread of the pest has been exceptionally rapid, and it is now present throughout europe, the middle east and north africa. Adults are nocturnal and hide between leaves during the daytime. The south american tomato leaf minermoth tuta absoluta is the major pest of tomatoes in brazil. The caterpillar lives as a miner in the leaf, stem or fruit but. It has a highly damaging effect on tomatoes and potential of threatening food production and consequently national food security. Gelechiidae is a highly destructive insect pest to tomato plants and fruit and is also reported to infest other plants in the solanaceae family.
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